Libya Boosts Oil-Field Security

By BENOÎT FAUCON

Libya is boosting security at its oil fields to avoid a repeat of the deadly terrorist attack last week in neighboring Algeria, the Libyan deputy oil minister said, as the hostage crisis reverberates through the global energy industry.

Libya will also send more troops to police its border with Algeria, which runs close to the gas field attacked by the Islamist militants, Libyan Deputy Oil Minister Omar Shakmak told The Wall Street Journal on Wednesday.

Kyodo/Reuters

Algerian workers stood at the In Amenas gas plant near the Libyan border on Jan. 16, in a photo secretly taken by one of the hostages.

Mr. Shakmak said he had no knowledge of a particular threat to Libya, but said Tripoli was sending more troops to the border and to desert oil fields, and boosting communications capacity, as a precautionary measure in response to the Algeria attack. "We have a concern since last week," he said.

The assault on the In Amenas field, which is operated by BP BP.LN +0.90%PLC, Statoil ASA STL.OS +0.48% and Algerian state oil company Sonatrach, left at least 37 foreign workers dead and exposed a formidable new threat for oil companies operating in the Sahara region.

Several regional experts have highlighted Libya's oil industry—where many international companies including U.S.-based ConocoPhillips, COP -0.72% Italy's EniSpA ENI.MI -0.31% and France's Total SA FP.FR -0.01% operate—as one of the most likely targets of a terrorist attack following the Algerian incident.

Many of the country's oil and gas exploration and production sites are located in the sparsely populated deserts of western Libya, not far from the Algerian border. Following the toppling of former dictator Moammar Gadhafi in 2011, experts said, Libya also suffers from lax security.

"The government is weak and the early signs indicate [Libya] will take longer than anticipated" to stabilize the security situation, said Tarek Alwan, head of SOC Libya Ltd., which advises oil companies on the North African nation.

There is evidence that heavily armed militias, some tied to al Qaeda, are operating in the country. In September, terrorists attacked the U.S. Consulate in the eastern Libyan city of Benghazi, killing four Americans including the U.S. ambassador.

Algerian authorities believe the Islamist terrorists attacked the In Amenas complex after crossing over from the Libyan side of the border, which is about 20 miles from the site, a senior Algerian security official said. The weapons they used were also thought to have originated in Libya, the security official said.

Algerian authorities believe the terrorist group was led by an Algerian national and included citizens from many North African countries.

—Sarah Kent contributed to this article.

Benghazi aspires to become Libya's business capital

* Eastern city wants to restore status as business centre

* Residents say marginalised for decades under Gaddafi

* Benghazi wants return of oil body to city

By Marie-Louise Gumuchian

BENGHAZI, Libya, Jan 23 (Reuters) - At a construction site on Benghazi's waterfront, engineer Seraj Bushada proudly points to a giant hole in the ground that will make way for a 48-floor office tower that city officials hope will help transform part of this port city into a modern business district.

Unlike the capital Tripoli, Benghazi, Libya's second-biggest city, has few modern high-rise developments.

Construction of the $300 million Three Towers project, which will include two smaller blocks housing luxury apartments and a hotel, was delayed due to the uprising against former dictator Muammar Gaddafi, which began here nearly two years ago.

The project is now due for completion in 2015 and is being promoted in Benghazi's bid to regain its former status as the country's business capital and end what residents see as decades of marginalisation under Gaddafi.

"We have to work together to realise this dream," Bushada said.

Turning that dream into reality will be a challenge. Security is a major concern for foreign investors in the city, highlighted by the attack on the U.S. diplomatic mission in September in which the U.S. ambassador and three other Americans were killed.

Only last week a car bomb killed a Benghazi police officer, the second such attack in as many days and the government is considering imposing a night time curfew on the city.

Many Benghazans, however, are calling for the country's new constitution - due to be drafted in coming months - to give the city powers to manage its own affairs and a share of the eastern region's resources.

While the revolution succeeded in overthrowing Gaddafi, they argue, it has failed to spread wealth more evenly in Libya. Benghazi is the main city in eastern Libya, which provides around 80 percent of the country's oil wealth, yet the city is still dependent on the government in Tripoli for funding.

Some residents and officials are calling for the constitution to officially restore Benghazi as Libya's business capital, a status it held under King Idris until his overthrow by Gaddafi in a coup in 1969. With an estimated population of nearly 1 million, it is roughly half the size of Tripoli.

"Everything was here before, Benghazi is the best place to be the economic capital," said businessman Kais el-Bakshishi of the "Benghazi Economic Capital" campaign, which counts about 700 members including local businessmen, activists and academics.

"The main reasons are its strategic location - a gateway to Africa and Egypt and historically the people of Benghazi are traders. A lot of businessmen in Tripoli are from Benghazi."

STRIKING A BALANCE

Perched on the Mediterranean sea, Benghazi was the first city to revolt against Gaddafi and later became the rebels' main base before Tripoli, some 1,000 kilometres (620 miles) away, fell in August 2011.

City officials' first priority is to push the central government to move state companies such as the National Oil Corporation (NOC) and Libyan Airlines, which were based here under King Idris but later moved to Tripoli, back.

"If we can get these back to Benghazi, we can make it the economic capital," said Abdelhamid Elhadad, head of the industrial and oil committee of the Benghazi local council.

"We are trying to restore Benghazi to what it once was," he said, sitting in the council's new offices - where posters claiming "Together we will build our city" hang next to signs banning weapons.

The NOC was formerly the Libyan General Petroleum Company, which was founded in Benghazi in 1968. After the NOC was established in 1970 it relocated to Tripoli.

"The objection is that it is like before - everything is controlled by Tripoli; this is not why the revolution took place," said Tahani Mohammed Ben Ali, head of the Benghazi workers' union at Libya's biggest oil firm Arabian Gulf Oil Company (Agoco).

"There are infrastructure, health, education needs here."

With the country still volatile, Libya's new rulers - led by Prime Minister Ali Zeidan's cabinet and the general national congress - know they have to strike a careful balance to appease regional rivalries.

That plays in Benghazi's favour and the oil ministry has proposed splitting the NOC into an exploration and production company based in Tripoli and a refining and petrochemicals company in Benghazi. Residents in eastern Libya as well as activists and oil workers vehemently oppose the plan, however, and say the whole company should relocate to Benghazi.

"If someone steals something from you, you want it back," Ben Ali said.

Other plans for enhancing Benghazi as a business hub include improving its infrastructure.

Its port is outdated while the airport, which has just one cramped hall, had been slated for an upgrade when the war began.

"The plan before was for 5 million passengers a year, now we want 15 million passengers a year," Bakshishi said.

South Korean company Nemo Partners is building a temporary passenger terminal at the airport. But progress on expanding the airport has been slow as the central government is reviewing previous foreign investment deals in the country before it approves new ones.

Benghazi officials are also considering building a free trade zone and have proposed public works projects to provide jobs, namely for the former rebel fighters who have yet to lay down their weapons.

"We want to look after the factories around Benghazi, we need to boost manufacturing," Elhadad said. "We have an industrial area of around 1,000 hectares, we want to have a real industry here, we want to build more hotels."

Elhadad wants Benghazi to be twinned with cities like Istanbul or Marseille to promote ties and plans to write to the mayor of New York, seeking to attract U.S. interest.

Industry in the area focuses on cement, and cable and steel pipe factories, as well as oil services, but badly needed foreign investment is only trickling in.

The International Monetary Fund forecast Libya's economy shrank 60 percent in 2011 due to the conflict but expected it to expand by 122 percent in 2012 and 17 percent this year.

TRADE PICKS UP

Benghazi still faces many of the same problems as the rest of Libya. Rubbish is piled up on its streets and beaches; jobs are in short supply; and weapons are everywhere as the government has failed to control rival armed factions since the end of the uprising.

However, it has seen more commercial activity in the past year and dozens of new clothing, food and consumer goods shops have sprung up.

"Things are getting better, lots of new businesses were established after the revolution," an Egyptian worker at a supermarket in the city, said. "And people are spending."

One local businessman said retail business in Benghazi had tripled since before the war, but did not cite a source for the figure: "The former fighters have money so they are spending."

At a conference this week, businessmen and campaigners laid out plans for Benghazi's economic revival, but many acknowledged security remained a priority.

Last week Italy - the former colonial power - suspended activity at its consulate in Benghazi and withdrew staff for security reasons after unidentified gunmen opened fire on its consul's armoured car.

The consul was unhurt but the incident recalled the attack on the U.S. mission, in which American intelligence officials say Islamist militants with ties to al Qaeda affiliates were most likely involved. Last week's hostage crisis in Algeria has added to security concerns in North Africa.

"How can you turn Benghazi into an economic capital when there isn't even any security?" Khaled Al-Nomi, a shop assistant, said. "Things are getting worse here, not better."

Many Western businessmen are adopting a wait and see approach towards Libya, keen to see whether the interim government can get a grip on security. Arab and Turkish businessmen are more prominent.

Local Benghazans stress that the violence is more against security officials than civilians, but the attack on the U.S. mission has been a setback.

"Some companies up until last year visited Benghazi," Tarek Alwan, managing director of London-based consulting firm SOC Libya, said.

"Some were actually progressing towards establishing local agents, but since the security is not fully stable in the city, I think many pulled out." (Additional reporting by Ghaith Shennib; Editing by Andrew Torchia and Susan Fenton)

Oil Ministry plans to split NOC in two; “unlikely” to placate Benghazi

Oil refinery in Brega. The NOC’s refining activities would be headquartered from Benghazi under the proposal.

The Ministry of Oil is proposing to separate the National Oil Corporation’s exploration and production activities from refining, establishing two separate bodies to be respectively headquartered in Tripoli and Benghazi.

The initiative comes a little under two months after a plan to give Benghazi effective responsibility for exploration, production and refining services in eastern Libya was put on hold following protests in Tripoli.

It is believed that the revised proposal is designed to placate oil workers and activists in eastern Libya who want Benghazi to have a greater say in the running of the country’s oil industry.

“In the oil and gas ministry, we have a near-term plan with respect to the [eastern] region,” new Oil Minister Abdelbari Al-Arusi said in a statement on the NOC’s website.

“[The body] will be called the ‘National Corporation for Oil Refining and Petrochemicals Industry’ and will oversee all companies operating in this area. It will launch projects and secure funding for them.”

In Tripoli would be headquartered the ‘National Corporation for the Exploration and Production of Oil and Gas’. The two departments would also have branches in Tripoli and Benghazi respectively, and would be under the Ministry of Oil.

According to the head of the NOC’s oilfield services arm, however, the proposal is unlikely to placate eastern discontent as currently conceived.

“I don’t think Benghazi will accept it”, Mohammed Albadaly, CEO of Jowfe, told the Libya Herald. “They want exploration and production, not refining. There are far fewer commercial activities in downstream, whereas upstream you have drilling, exploration, production, pipelines and so on”.

Albadaly said that the proposal would more likely be accepted by Benghazi if reversed, to give exploration and production responsibility to the east and leave refining in Tripoli, but that fierce resistance is likely to be encountered in the capital either way.

“A lot of the NOC’s employees are older; they have families and they have roots. They don’t want to move and they don’t want to lose their jobs. That’s why there was so much resistance to Decree 100”.

Under Decree 100, the proposal that was previously shelved, the NOC’s hitherto inconsequential Benghazi branch would have been given de factocontrol over the oil industry in eastern Libya, home to some 80 per cent of the country’s oil fields.

Five departments were to have been established, in the fields of petro-chemicals and refining, exploration and production, human resources, administration and finance. Having only been signed off on 4 October, NOC Resolution 100 was in force for less than a week before being suspended in the face of fierce opposition from staff in Tripoli.

Speaking to the Reuters news agency, Deputy Oil Minister Omar Shakmak described the latest plan as “a matter of reorganisation. We will receive feedback from experts within the oil sector and civil organisations … and upon that, a proposal will be submitted to the government,” he said.

Source: Libya Herald

IMF generally positive on Libya, with caveats

The International Monetary Fund has expressed generally positive views about the direction of the Libyan economy.

Though working from June figures, which made the Washington-based economists think that Libya would not return to its pre-revolution hydrocarbon output until next year, when in fact the country hit that 1.6 million barrels daily this September, the report is generally upbeat.

As part of its biannual regional economic outlook, the IMF predicts a record-breaking 2012 GDP growth of 120 percent for Libya, coming after last year’s radical 60 percent contraction. If the security situation improves as predicted, the IMF believes that economy will remain robust, with growth for next year of 17 percent, easing thereafter to seven percent from 2014-2017.

Given no radical change in oil prices,  it says, Libya can expect a fiscal surplus this year, equivalent to 19 percent of GDP, while the current account surplus rises to 22 percent of GDP.  Inflation, which the IMF estimates was running at 16 percent last year, will, it expects, ease back to ten percent this year and drop to just one percent next year.  This sharp decline willF come about, “ despite upward pressure on domestic prices arising from supply bottleneck in housing and transportation.”

It warns however that if the global economy continues to struggle with recovery, oil and gas prices could fall, which would present the hydrocarbon-dependent Lbyan economy with challenges.

The IMF speaks of concern over security and political stability, but majors on the government’s need  to  exercise fiscal discipline, while maintain macroeconomic stability.

“As a short-term response to the aspirations of the revolution, the interim government raised wages and subsidies. “notes the report, “Although Libya can afford elevated levels of current expenditure during a transitional period, the increase in wages and subsidies is eroding the country’s fiscal buffers and undermining prospects for fiscal sustainability”.

The IMF also warns that Libya must tackle a whole range of pressing issues from improved education, rebuilding infrastructure, developing a financial market, cutting economic dependence on oil and gas production and putting in place an efficient social security net.

To this end, it says: “The country will need to establish a governance framework to improve transparency and accountability, to better manage its resource wealth, and help promote private sector-led economic development.”

By Hadi Fornaji " Libya Herald" 

Repsol 'closing in' for Libya drill

Spanish oil company Repsol is reported to be making final preparations to resume exploration drilling in Libya in early 2013, adding to signs that the Opec member's key industry is returning to normal after the 2011 civil war.

"We have ordered a new drilling rig and we will start as soon as that arrives, probably early next year," said a Repsol executive on the sidelines of the North Africa Oil & Gas conference, according to Reuters.

A Repsol spokesman said the first drilling would be in the east Libyan desert and added that production was now close to the 350,000 barrels per day the company was pumping before the war.

While the North African country has impressed analysts by ramping up production more quickly than expected to around 1.6 million barrels per day, it has so far had only limited success in luring back security-conscious foreign companies to carry out exploration work, despite its estimated 47 billion barrels of proven oil reserves.

A deadly attack on the US consulate in the eastern city of Benghazi in September is widely seen as acting as a further deterrent, especially for US players.

The relative caution of international oil companies contrasts with the speed with which Libyan oil workers resumed work, sometimes even before the end of the conflict.

The slow return of companies could hamper the ability of Africa's third largest oil producer to raise future output, according to the chairman of Zueitina Oil, which works alongside US company Occidental Petroleum.

"Some of them have lifted their force majeures but when it comes to actual work we have heard nothing," said Abdul Nasser Fituri Zammit, adding that the absence of construction and oil services companies was slowing down projects.

Libyan oil executives are hoping the Repsol decision as well as a commitment by BP to resume exploration will encourage others to return.

"Exploration is still much less than before the war. I hope the companies will be back early next year. Now it's being done by (Algeria's) Sonatrach and NOC [National Oil Corporation]," said a source at the Libyan Oil Ministry.

He added that local oil companies linked to NOC had "four or five" seismic teams in the desert and had begun drilling.

An executive with Polish company PGNiG also said at the conference there were plans to drill three wells in Libya next year.

Security Fears Cloud Libyan Oil Growth

By BENOÎT FAUCON, WSJ

Heightened security fears after the killing of the U.S. envoy to Libya will further slow the return of foreign oil workers to the country, potentially threatening Libya's plans to boost oil output and grow its economy, according to oil company executives and consultants.

"It's a serious blow to Libya in terms of security," said Tarek Alwan, head of consultancy SOC Libya, which advises international companies investing in the North African nation. "It will delay the return of international oil companies and expatriates."

Oil companies were beefing up their security precautions on Wednesday in the aftermath of the killing of Ambassador Christopher Stevens and three other American diplomats by suspected religious extremists in the eastern city of Benghazi. One European oil company told visiting foreign staff to stay at their Tripoli hotels as a precautionary measure, according to a Libyan oil professional.

Following the ousting of Moammar Gadhafi last year, Libya has surprised analysts by bringing its oil production close to pre-revolution levels much faster than analysts had expected.

Foreign oil companies with production interests in Libya—such as Germany's Wintershall AG, Eni SpA ENI.MI -0.33% of Italy and Total SA FP.FR -0.35% of France—have sent back expatriate workers.

But even before the U.S. envoy's killing Tuesday, attacks on Western interests in June and political protests this summer had already caused some oil-service companies and those with exploration concessions to revise their staffing plans for Libya.

That threatened the country's plans to boost output to 2.2 million barrels a day over the next three years, up 40% from present levels. Such an increase would be enough to overtake Angola to become the eighth largest producer in the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries.

Back in July, Libyan production dropped by 200,000 barrels a day for a short period when protests over parliamentary elections disrupted operations at the country's largest terminal in el-Sider, in eastern Libya.

When it resumed its operations in May, BP BP.LN -0.45% PLC, which has by far the largest exploration plans in Libya, involving investment of $900 million, said the move would pave the way for a return of its expatriates. But three months on, a spokesman for the British company said it had yet to send its foreign staff back because the situation isn't considered safe enough.

Mr. Alwan said he knew of one international consultancy active in the oil sector had that pulled out completely from Benghazi, the capital of Libya's eastern region where the majority of the country's oil is produced, after a British diplomatic convoy was attacked in June.

When foreign staff return, Libyan oil managers say they are sometimes guarded by armored convoys when traveling to and from the airport. Restaurants where they plan to dine are checked first by security guards.

Once Libya accelerates plans to boost production, the reluctance of foreign oil workers to return could leave the country short of specialists in gas-injection equipment—needed to boost production from existing fields—and geologists and seismic workers needed for exploration of new fields, according to a Libyan oil manager at a large European oil operation.

Still, some Libyan officials are hopeful that the formation of a new government—expected to take place soon following elections in July—will lead to serious measures to improve security.

The tragedy "will be an incentive to be more dedicated about security," said Ahmed Shawki, head of marketing at the state-owned National Oil Co. "Other [oil-producing] countries had a worse situation," he added. "Look at Iraq."

IMF sees Libya growth skyrocketing 116.6% this year

Economic activity in Libya is likely to rebound this year as the country rebuilds from civil war and oil production increases to levels last seen during Muammar Gaddafi's rule, the International Monetary Fund said on Tuesday.

E

conomic activity in Libya is likely to rebound this year as the country rebuilds from civil war and oil production increases to levels last seen during Gaddafi's rule, the International Monetary Fund said on Tuesday.

In a report on Libya's economy conducted by an IMF mission in May but published only now, the Fund forecast growth will skyrocket 116.6% this year, following a contraction of 60% in 2011. Growth next year is expected to ease to 16.5% and 13.2% in 2014, the IMF added.

Such impressive rebounds in growth are not unusual in countries emerging from conflict, as the government pours money into rebuilding projects and pent-up private demand boosts spending.

While Libya's government can afford the current high rates of spending, over the longer term it is not sustainable and will push the budget into deficit from 2015, the IMF estimated.

"A more thorough analysis of sustainability based on the present value of financial assets and future oil extraction indicates that, from 2012, public spending will exceed the sustainable, long-term level by over 10% of GDP," the IMF added.

The IMF warned that continued political uncertainty, insecurity and the possibility of a drop in global oil and gas prices were risks to Libya's outlook.

The oil price at which Libya's budget is balanced has increased to USD 91 per barrel in 2012 from USD 58 a barrel in 2010, and is set to exceed USD 100 a barrel from 2013, the IMF said.

A deeper crisis in the euro zone and sharper slowdown in the world economy could push global oil prices lower, which would be pose challenges for Libya's oil dependent economy, the IMF added.

As Libya's imports return to normal, consumer price inflation should be contained at 10% despite pressure on prices from supply bottlenecks in housing and transportation, the IMF added.

The fund said, however, that a drop in the country's high level of unemployment is not likely without reforms.

Libyan Oil Minister Wants Oil Price above $100

Libya's oil minister Abdurahman Benyezza would like to see oil prices above $100 a barrel, he said Thursday at a scheduled meeting of the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries in Vienna.

"I think that price would be good for global economy" [although] the "main point is to stabilize the price," he said.

When asked whether it's appropriate to lift the production ceiling, Mr. Benyezza said "we will have to discuss that after this", stressing that it's more appropriate to discuss quotas at end of year, depending on the "supply and the prices."

He also said the global oil market is currently over supplied by "maybe 1.8 million or 2 million" barrels a day.

Libya To Offer New Production-sharing Contracts

Libya will offer new production-sharing agreements to international oil companies on improved terms to existing contracts, but this won't happen this year, said the country's Minister of Oil and Gas, Abdurahman Benyezza Wednesday.

Libya isn't currently planning to revise the terms of existing contracts with foreign oil companies, but there may be a process to equalize the terms of new and existing contracts in the future, he said.

"At the moment we are working on the [contract] models. We'll have to study and see where we can improve," Mr. Benyezza told reporters at the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries International Seminar in Vienna. "Production-sharing agreements will be the main type of contracts of course. New ones will not be [offered] this year."

Whether existing contract holders will also be offered the same terms as newcomers has yet to be decided, he said.

"We are not in a process to change [existing] agreements at this time," he said. But in the future existing terms will be evaluated, "not to create inequality of contracts," he added.

Libya intends to invest $10 billion on raising oil and gas production capacity from existing fields and $20 billion on new exploration in the next decade, Mr. Benyezza said.

Source: Dow Jones Newswires

British Petroleum (BP) to resume operations in Libya

A BP logo is seen on a petrol station in London November 2, 2010.

Credit: Reuters/Suzanne Plunkett

By Hamid Ould Ahmed

BP is to resume exploration activities in Libya that it suspended because of last year's uprising, re-starting a relationship which under ousted Libyan leader Muammar Gaddafi landed the firm in the centre of a political storm.

BP's return is a milestone in the recovery of Libya's energy sector, though this was tempered by an announcement from Royal Dutch Shell (RDSa.L) that it would pull out of fields in Libya on the grounds that they were not worth developing.

BP closed down operations in Libya and withdrew its expatriate workers in February last year, days after protests broke out in eastern Libya which with help from NATO warplanes and missiles eventually forced Gaddafi from power.

The oil firm follows other majors, including Eni (ENI.MI) and Total (TOTF.PA) in restarting Libya operations, despite lingering worries about security and the possibility the new authorities will try to re-negotiate contracts signed under Gaddafi.

The head of Libya's National Oil Corporation, Nuri Berruien, and Michael Daly, BP's executive president for exploration, agreed in Tripoli on Tuesday to lift force majeure, the legal mechanism under which BP suspended its operations last year.

The agreement was a "significant milestone in BP's plans to return to the exploration of onshore and offshore blocks," Daly said in a statement.

BP's then chief executive Tony Hayward travelled to Tripoli in 2007 to sign a $900 million contract giving the company the right to explore onshore and offshore fields in Libya, home of Africa's largest proven crude reserves.

But the deal quickly became entwined in a furious political row about Abdel Basset al-Megrahi, the Libyan convicted of the 1988 bombing of a U.S. airliner over the Scottish town of Lockerbie.

Megrahi died in Tripoli earlier this month, three years after Scottish authorities released him on the grounds he was terminally ill and did not have long to live. He had returned to a hero's welcome in Tripoli.

Megrahi's release caused a storm of anger in the United States, where many of the victims of the Lockerbie bombing were from. The U.S. Senate Foreign Relations Committee launched an inquiry into whether there was any connection between Megrahi's release and BP winning the exploration deal in Libya.

The company and the British government have always denied any connection between the two, although BP did say it lobbied for Megrahi's transfer to Libya.

SECURITY SITUATION 'MANAGEABLE'

Libya now is preparing for its first ever democratic elections, but the new government is weak and struggling to keep in check armed volunteer militias.

A BP spokesman said security was going to be "the determining factor on how quickly we move."

"At the moment we feel security and safety is sufficiently manageable."

It was likely to be months before BP had everything in place to re-start its exploration work, the spokesman said.

"The first thing we need to do is re-establish the contracts for drilling and logistics," he said.

"We need to get contractors back in for the onshore and offshore drilling .. Then it's back to work as soon as possible."

Shell said its decision to pull out of its Libyan contracts did not show any lack of faith in the oil sector, and said it would keep an office open in Libya to look into new deals.

In a statement, the company said it would abandon drilled wells and stop exploration on its two Libyan licenses. It said its departure had nothing to do with security issues and was taken on a purely commercial basis.

"Despite an extensive seismic and drilling campaign in these licenses, results have been disappointing and further exploration cannot be economically justified," a Shell spokesman said. "We have agreed to actively pursue new upstream business opportunities."

Asked about Shell's decision, NOC chief Berruien told Reuters by telephone: "All I can say right now is that Shell is not withdrawing from Libya. They are staying."

Source: Reuters

www.soclibya.com 

Libya Investigating Unipec, PetroChina Oil Deals Under Gaddafi

Libya's prosecutor office is probing possible irregularities in crude sales to oil giants China International United Petroleum & Chemical Co. (0386.HK), or Unipec, and PetroChina Co. Ltd. (0857.HK) as part of a broader probe into Gadhafi-era oil deals, a file from Libya's Interpol bureau shows.

A file issued last month, attached to a request of arrest against the late ex-oil chief Shokri Ghanem by Libya's Interpol bureau, alleges he agreed to sell oil without contracts to Sinopec and Petrochina.

The probe could cloud the return of energy-thirsty China to Libya after being cast as a supporter of the former regime.

Ghanem, the ex-head of the National Oil Co., "also delivered quantities of crude oil to several companies such as Unipec and PetroChina before signing an agreement with them," the file seen by Dow Jones said.

Sinopec and PetroChina spokespeople declined to comment.

Though Ghanem has since died in Vienna's Danube river in mysterious circumstances, the probe into his dealings continues, said Abdulhamid Eljadi, an anticorruption activist who has been assisting the investigation.

The rebels who fought former Libyan leader Moammar Gadhafi last year had previously said Chinese companies would be at a disadvantage for opposing the foreign intervention which led to them gaining power. However, Unipec, the trading unit of China's largest refiner Sinopec, has now returned to Libya as one of the country's largest oil buyers.

Sales to the two Chinese companies had previously been singled out for scrutiny by Libyan government officials.

The Libyan Interpol document said the issues surrounding sales to PetroChina and Unipec had been first raised by Najwa el-Beshti, who was head of contracts at NOC's marketing department under Ghanem.

Beshti told Dow Jones Newswires the sales had taken place between June 2008 and 2010.

She said contracts had typically been signed six months to a year after deliveries had started, potentially enabling the companies to pay with a delay.

Libyan oil officials have previously said companies which gained irregular deals under Gadhafi could be disadvantaged or lose deals under the new regime. Mustafa El-Huni, the official responsible for oil at the interim National Transitional Council, said last year it would be up to Libyan courts, not the NOC or the interim government, to establish if a contract is valid. "If [corruption] is proven, the law will judge," El-Huni said at the time.

Source: Dow Jones Newswires

www.soclibya.com 

Libya tries to calm wary investors over review

A man walks past the Azzawiya oil refinery in Zawiyah, 50km west of Tripoli. Reuters

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Libya is seeking to reassure investors concerned about a major review of nearly 10,000 business contracts that were signed by the government of the late Muammar Qaddafi.

A group of 20 people appointed by the National Transitional Council (NTC), the temporary government, is scrutinising the contracts to ensure fairness and hunt for evidence of corruption.

"We respect all agreement[s] and the contracts which have been signed by the old regime," said Mustafa El Huni, the deputy chairman of the NTC.

"Naturally there are some contracts which need to be reviewed, but even for those contracts, it will be in the spirit of mutual cooperation," he added. "We have no intention to nationalise or to do something radical. Even if it's an unfair agreement or unfair contract, we'll sit down with a spirit of cooperation and we'll come to agreement with those entities."

The contracts, which span sectors from hospitality to energy and affects investors all over the world, adds to the uncertainty surrounding Libya's future.

Next month, Libyans - including expats in places such as Dubai - are to select a national assembly that will draft the country's new constitution. The Libyan general prosecutor is also investigating domestic and foreign oil companies' records in connection with possible financial irregularities.

Security remains a concern in Libya, where just this month a demonstrator died during a protest outside the prime minister's office and a candidate for the national assembly was killed.

Until late last year, when the review was first announced, contracts with the government appeared to be one of the few things to remain stable in post-revolution Libya.

The NTC, which was established by the rebels during last year's uprising, has said since last summer that contracts signed with the old regime would remain untouched.

"Corruption is unfortunately still there, and unfortunately some of the wheelers [and] dealers who infested Libya in the old days are marketing themselves in the new Libya," said Aref Ali Nayed, the ambassador of Libya to the UAE.

Those signing deals need to ensure their projects share benefits with the Libyan people, he warned in Dubai recently. "If it does, then this project will have long-term success," said Mr Nayed.

"If it doesn't, watch out," he added. "You may be able to pull off the signing of the contract with this government, or with the transitional government, but in the long run you will lose."

If the Twenty Committee, as the 20-strong Libyan review group is nicknamed, were to check every single contract, the process could take three decades, said Adrian Creed, a partner at Clyde & Co, a law firm.

"Some high-level decisions have to be made about materiality or contract threshold because it won't happen otherwise," Mr Creed said.

"Libya has disappointed the investors' community twice before, so if you throw that in the bin it won't send a very good message to the market."

Some argue a good tactic for Libya may be to follow the example of the UK in its infrastructure spending reviews. There, a centralised system has worked through a team of accountants and consultants who swiftly check over contracts, said Hatim Gheriani, the head of global banking and markets for HSBC in Libya.

"Everyone knows what the terms are and therefore everyone gets a good deal," he said.

Mr El Huni sought to answer questions about the extent of the contract review by saying Libya as a nation would not veer towards extremism.

"It will be a moderate country," said Mr El Huni. "It will not be an extremist country economically, politically or even socially. We are a coherent society."

Source: The National

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